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இலக்கணப் பாலம்

தமிழ் மற்றும் கொரியன் இரண்டும் SOV மொழிகள்: அவை பெரும்பாலும் செயலை இறுதியில் வைக்கின்றன. இரண்டும் சொற்களுக்குப் பிறகு சிறிய குறிப்பான்களைச் சேர்க்கின்றன மற்றும் நேரத்தை அல்லது மரியாதையைக் காட்ட வினைச்சொற்களை மாற்றுகின்றன. ஒவ்வொரு எடுத்துக்காட்டும் ஒரே வேலையைச் செய்யும் சொற்களை வரிசைப்படுத்துகிறது - பொருந்தக்கூடிய வண்ணங்கள் பொருந்தக்கூடிய வேலைகளைக் குறிக்கின்றன. ஆர்வம் ஏன்? பார்க்கவும் கொரிய மொழி தமிழை ஒத்ததா?

Describe a thing

Korean describing words act like verbs at the end of a sentence. When the same idea comes before a noun, the word changes form. Tamil can express both meanings too, but the Korean endings still need to be learned directly.

தமிழ்ப் பாலம்

அறை பெரிதாக இருக்கிறது.

aṟai peritāka irukkiṟatu

கொரியமொழி

방이 커요.

bang-i keoyo

The room is big.

Here the description finishes the sentence. Korean 커요 (keoyo) carries the descriptive meaning at the end, while Tamil commonly uses an ‘is/exists’ expression with the description.

தமிழ்ப் பாலம்

பெரிய அறை

periya aṟai

கொரியமொழி

큰 방

keun bang

a big room

Before a noun, both languages put the description first. Korean changes 크다 (keuda, ‘to be big’) to 큰 (keun, ‘big’).

Make the before-noun form

Remove 다 (da) to find the stem. Then look at the final Korean sound in that stem—not the final letter in the romanisation.

The stem ends inWhat to addஉதாரணம்
A consonant은eun작다 → 작 + 은 → 작은jakda → jak + eun → jageun · small
A vowelㄴn크다 → 크 + ㄴ → 큰keuda → keu + n → keun · big

See the regular pattern in a sentence

தமிழ்ப் பாலம்

சூடான தேநீர் குடிக்கிறேன்.

cūṭāṉa tēnīr kuṭikkiṟēṉ

கொரியமொழி

따뜻한 차를 마셔요.

ttatteuthan chareul masyeoyo

I drink warm tea.

The underlined words describe the tea. Korean 따뜻한 (ttatteuthan) comes before 차 (cha, ‘tea’), just as Tamil சூடான (cūṭāṉa) comes before தேநீர் (tēnīr, ‘tea’).

A special pattern: 있다 (itda) and 없다 (eopda)

Descriptions built with 있다 (itda, ‘to exist/have’) or 없다 (eopda, ‘not to exist/not have’) use 는 (neun) before a noun: 있는 (inneun) and 없는 (eomneun). This includes 맛있다 (masitda, ‘to be delicious’), which becomes 맛있는 (masinneun, ‘delicious’ before a noun).

맛있다 → 맛있 + 는 → 맛있는

masitda → masit + neun → masinneun

தமிழ்ப் பாலம்

இருக்கும் புத்தகம் / இல்லாத புத்தகம்

irukkum puttakam / illāta puttakam

கொரியமொழி

있는 책 / 없는 책

inneun chaek / eomneun chaek

a book that is there / a book that is not there

Tamil offers a useful meaning comparison, but இருக்கும் (irukkum) and இல்லாத (illāta) do not tell you which Korean ending to attach. Learn 있는 (inneun) and 없는 (eomneun) as Korean forms.

Describe an action

Add -게 (-ge) to many Korean describing-word stems to say how an action happens. This is a useful comparison with Tamil -ஆக (-āka), but the exact Korean form must be learned with each word.

Useகொரியமொழிபொருள்
Change a description into how an action happens예쁘다 → 예쁘게yeppeuda → yeppeugeto be pretty → prettily
Do something well잘jalwell / skilfully
Cannot do something or do it poorly못motcannot / not well

தமிழ்ப் பாலம்

சுவையாக சாப்பிடுங்கள்.

cuvaiyāka cāppiṭuṅkaḷ

கொரியமொழி

맛있게 드세요.

masitge deuseyo

Enjoy your meal.

A word-for-word English translation sounds like ‘eat deliciously’. In everyday use, this is a warm invitation to enjoy the food.

தமிழ்ப் பாலம்

எனக்கு கொரிய மொழி நன்றாகத் தெரியும். / நன்றாகத் தெரியாது.

eṉakku koriya moḻi naṉṟākat teriyum / naṉṟākat teriyātu

கொரியமொழி

저는 한국어를 잘해요. / 저는 한국어를 못해요.

jeoneun hangugeoreul jalhaeyo / jeoneun hangugeoreul mothaeyo

I am good at Korean. / I am not good at Korean.

This Tamil comparison matches the practical ability meaning, not the Korean form. 잘해요 (jalhaeyo) and 못해요 (mothaeyo) can cover broader skill than speaking alone.

Useful degree and frequency words

매우 / 정말

maeu / jeongmal

very / really

가끔

gakkeum

sometimes

자주

jaju

often

Compare things

Korean uses one pattern when A has more of a quality than B, and another when A and B have the same degree. In both patterns, the comparison word follows B—the thing used as the standard.

பொருள்Korean patternTamil order cue
A has more of the quality than BA + B보다 + 더 + descriptionAttach 보다 (boda, ‘than’) to B. 더 (deo, ‘more’) makes the greater amount clear.A + B-ஐ விட + descriptionB-ai viṭa
A and B have the same degreeA + B만큼 + descriptionAttach 만큼 (mankeum, ‘as much as’) to B. Do not add 더 (deo), because the meaning is equal.A + B அளவுக்கு + descriptionB aḷavukku

தமிழ்ப் பாலம்

விமானம் ரயிலை விட வேகமாக இருக்கிறது.

vimāṉam rayilai viṭa vēkamāka irukkiṟatu

கொரியமொழி

비행기가 기차보다 더 빨라요.

bihaenggiga gichaboda deo ppallayo

The aeroplane is faster than the train.

The comparison target is ‘the train’, so Korean 보다 (boda) and Tamil விட (viṭa) follow the train.

தமிழ்ப் பாலம்

இந்தப் பை அந்தப் பை அளவுக்குப் பெரியது.

intap pai antap pai aḷavukkup periyatu

கொரியமொழி

이 가방은 저 가방만큼 커요.

i gabang-eun jeo gabangmankeum keoyo

This bag is as big as that bag.

만큼 (mankeum) follows 저 가방 (jeo gabang, ‘that bag’), the standard being matched. Tamil அளவுக்கு (aḷavukku, ‘to the extent of’) follows the same meaning order, but it does not supply the Korean form.

பயிற்சி

Open an activity when you are ready to check each pattern.

Describe a thing

Check your understanding

Which Korean phrase means ‘a small room’?

Build it yourself

Build ‘a small room’.

Choose the pieces in order.

Describe an action

Check your understanding

Which form can describe how someone sings?

Build it yourself

Build ‘[They] sing prettily’.

Choose the pieces in order.

Check your understanding

Which word says a skill cannot be done or is not done well?

Compare things

Check your understanding

In 기차보다 더 빨라요 (gichaboda deo ppallayo), what is the comparison target?

Build it yourself

Build ‘The aeroplane is faster than the train’.

Choose the pieces in order.

Check your understanding

Which word shows that two things are equal in degree?

Next, connect complete ideas

Use reasons, conditions and background to join clauses naturally.

Go to Connectors & Clause Linking →